Square Root Functions

Cheat Sheet · Grade 11 Math
Emil Oliversen
GENERAL FORM
y = a√(b(x − h)) + k
vertex
(h, k)
a > 0
goes UP from vertex
a < 0
goes DOWN from vertex
b > 0
goes RIGHT from vertex
b < 0
goes LEFT from vertex
DOMAIN & RANGE
b > 0 domain
x ∈ [h, +∞)
b < 0 domain
x ∈ (−∞, h]
a > 0 range
y ∈ [k, +∞)
a < 0 range
y ∈ (−∞, k]
FACTORING
√(9x−18) = √(9(x−2)) = 3√(x−2)
Always factor before reading params!
GRAPHING STEPS
  • Rewrite in std form y = a√(b(x−h))+k
  • Identify a, b, h, k
  • Plot vertex (h, k)
  • Determine direction from signs of a and b
  • Find y-intercept if graph heads toward origin
  • Plot extra points, connect smoothly
INTERCEPTS
y-intercept
let x = 0, solve for y
x-intercept
let y = 0, isolate √, square both sides
Squaring can create extraneous solutions — always check!
FINDING THE RULE
  • Read vertex → h and k
  • Sketch to determine sign of b
  • Substitute second point (x,y)
  • Solve for a
  • Write complete rule
Example: Vertex (−4,4), y-int = 10
b=+1 (right), 10=a√4+4, a=3
Rule: y = 3√(x+4)+4
INEQUALITIES
  • Set y = c → find intersection point
  • Sketch both graphs
  • Read interval from graph
  • Use interval notation for answer
COMMON MISTAKES
  • Read AFTER factoring — not before
  • In (x−h): (x+2) means h = −2
  • Check domain before finding y-intercept
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